Recycling pharmaceutical waste (vancomycin) as sustainable corrosion inhibition for API 5 L X60 carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid: a combined electrochemistry and theoretical study.

Sci Rep · 2026 · PMC13415824 · PMID 42315570

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

The IE % showed an increasing trend with decreasing temperature, indicating that the inhibitor is predominantly adsorbed onto the X60-CS surface via physical adsorption.

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