Dual inhibition of CSF-1R and IDO modulates the fibrotic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Front Immunol · 2026 · PMC13416583 · PMID 42529118

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Notably, the combination treatment group (PLX3397 + shIDO-ST) exhibited a highly significant reduction in CD206 + F4/80 + cells compared to untreated tumors and single agent-treated tumors ( Figure 5F , p < 0.0001, ANOVA), indicating a potentially synergistic effect on reducing M2 TAMs.

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