A pilot study of nebulized 3D-cultured mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for the treatment of post-COVID-19 chronic cough.

Front Med (Lausanne) · 2026 · PMC13435666 · PMID 42553659

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The median percentages of resting dendritic cells (DCs), activated DCs, CD4+ T cells, and B cells decreased after 3D-EVs treatment, while regulatory T cells (Tregs) showed an increasing trend and eosinophils showed a decreasing trend ( Figures 5B – E ).

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