Co-application of biochar and cow manure enhances growth, yield and soil chemical properties under spinach production.

Results Effect of biochar and cow manure on the growth parameters of spinach The one-way ANOVA analysis revealed a highly significant treatment effect on spinach plant height ( p < 0.001), indicating that the growth performance of spinach varied considerably depending on whether the plants received biochar, cow manure, their combination, or no amendment (Fig. 1 ).

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