Total and Hidden Blood Loss in Biportal Endoscopic Versus Tubular-Based Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Clin Orthop Surg · 2026 · PMC13437141 · PMID 42553994

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a trend toward significanceno p-value reported

Like the anesthesiologist-recorded EBL, the underlying Hct drops and calculated TBL using Gross’s formula showed significantly less bleeding in the BE-TLIF group at the immediate postoperative and maximum drop time points, while postoperative day 1 showed a trend toward significance.

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