highly significantp < 0.001
To further solidify the molecular signatures of the subgroups 1–4, we performed RNA-based single-sample GSEA, which demonstrated robust and highly significant enrichment of the gene sets “stemness”, “synapse assembly”, “gonadotrophs” and “secretory vesicle”, respectively ( p < 0.001; Fig. 2d and Supplementary Data 5a–d ).