Adverse Childhood Experiences and Substance Use: The Mediating Role of Executive Function Deficits.

Subsequent framework expansions argue that community‐level adversities, such as community violence, bullying, and neighborhood deprivation, are highly significant exposures necessary to capture a holistic picture of childhood adversity and its developmental impact (Cronholm et al. 2015 ; Finkelhor et al. 2007 ).

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