The effect of a theory of planned behavior-based education model on self-management and metabolic control in pregnant women with gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth · 2026 · PMC13445864 · PMID 42226160

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hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

In the intervention group, all subdimensions showed highly significant changes ( p < 0.001), with large effect sizes (Cohen’s d = 3.61, 3.64, 3.58, 3.70, and 3.75, respectively).

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a positive trendno p-value reported

Planning did not differ significantly between groups, possibly due to high baseline levels, although a positive trend was observed in the intervention group.

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