Indoxyl sulfate exacerbates chronic inflammation and susceptibility to severe infection via modulating T-cell CD73/adenosine signaling in chronic kidney disease.

Compared with the untreated CKD group, the CKD + IS group exhibited a decreasing trend in splenic T-cell CD73 transcription and systemic ADO levels ( Figure 5 ).

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Furthermore, NF-κB mRNA expression in splenic T cells showed an increasing trend.

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In this study, the chronic observation period following 5/6 nephrectomy was relatively short, which was insufficient to achieve a highly significant accumulation of endogenous IS.

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