Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics uncover a THBS2⁺ CAF-KRT17⁺ malignant cell axis drives progression and immunotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer.

Transl Oncol · 2026 · PMC13446304 · PMID 42520475

Europe PMC DOI

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highly significantp < 1 × 10−5actually significant

Correlation analysis across six independent bulk transcriptomic cohorts (TCGA-PAAD, ICGC-PAAD-CAseq, GSE85916 , GSE79668 , GSE71729 , and EMTAB6134) demonstrated a highly significant positive association between THBS2+ CAF signature scores and T-cell exclusion scores (all p < 1 × 10−5), indicating that tumors with high THBS2+ CAF infiltration exhibit restricted T cell access to tumor nests ( Fig. 4 B).

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