Evolution of melanopsin photoreceptors: discovery and characterization of a new melanopsin in nonmammalian vertebrates.

This had led to speculation either that there might be significant differences in the functional characteristics of melanopsin across species [ 16 ] or, alternatively, that the nature of structure-function relationships for melanopsin was at some level fundamentally different from those of rod and cone opsins [ 16 , 20 , 40 ].

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