The level of BMP4 signaling is critical for the regulation of distinct T-box gene expression domains and growth along the dorso-ventral axis of the optic cup.

In the latter case the different intervening tissue between the bead and the retina that is exposed to the BMP signal may be significant; when a bead is implanted in the lens the intervening tissue is the lens, whereas from a bead located in the mesenchyme, the BMP signal has to pass through the presumptive RPE.

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