Causes of death and determinants of outcome in critically ill patients.

Although acute renal failure as a single-organ failure or part of the MODS had a highly significant impact on ICU survival in several previous studies [ 7 , 32 , 33 ], acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy only moderately increased the risk of death in this study population.

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An explanation for the high incidence of malignant tumour disease as a cause of death of critically ill patients after hospital discharge may be significant critical illness-associated immune suppression, which is known to have permissive effects on tumour growth and progression [ 42 ].

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