We found a highly significant effect of recombinational environment on levels of the codon-based PAML measures of sequence divergence (see Materials and methods, below) d N , d S , and d N /d S (Kruskal-Wallis test: d N , H = 36.84, degrees of freedom [df] = 3, P < 10 -4 ; d S , H = 40.03, df = 3, P < 10 -4 ; and d N /d S , H = 38.16, df = 3, P < 10 -4 ; Figure 1 ).
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Reduced efficacy of selection in regions of the Drosophila genome that lack crossing over.
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