borderline significancep = 0.048
In Europe, black versus white ethnicity was associated with a reduced likelihood of elective caesarean, with borderline significance (AOR 0.65, 95% CI 0.42–0.99, p = 0.048), and dual therapy and HAART with around a two-thirds reduced likelihood of elective caesarean versus no therapy or monotherapy (AORs 0.35 [0.21–0.60] p < 0.0001; 0.41 [0.24–0.72] p = 0.0015 respectively).