Systematic review of the relation between smokeless tobacco and non-neoplastic oral diseases in Europe and the United States.

In contrast the evidence of any increased prevalence in former snuff users is much weaker, with one case-control study [ 26 ] reporting no increase, one cross-sectional study [ 39 ] an increase of borderline significance, another cross-sectional study [ 31 ] an increase, but based on very few subjects, and one experimental study [ 23 ] reporting resolution of the great majority of lesions in US Air Force trainees after 6 weeks of a mandatory tobacco-free period.

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