Cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia: effect sizes, clinical models, and methodological rigor.

In terms of the relationships between different outcomes, there are significant correlations between improvements in positive symptoms and a worsening in hopelessness ( R = −0.978, P = .022, N = 4), improvements in negative symptoms ( R = 0.830, P < .001, N = 23), and some evidence of improved functioning, but this did not quite reach significance ( R = 0.510, P = .052, 2 tailed, N = 15).

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