Between-groups study designs demand between-groups analyses: a response to hernandez-reif, shor-posner, baez, soto, mendoza, castillo, quintero, perez, and zhang.

To conclude that MT improved the behavior of the older sample of children, that it provided a ‘marginally significant’ increase in IQ, or that it ‘appears to be a viable therapy for promoting greater daily functioning and communication’ based on within-group analyses is misleading, because any or all of those pre–post effects could be observed as a result of the aforementioned threats even if MT was wholly ineffective.

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