Hypoxia-associated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated androgen receptor activation and increased HIF-1alpha levels contribute to emergence of an aggressive phenotype in prostate cancer.

We observed that continuous cycles of hypoxia re-oxygenation selected for cells with a highly significant faster growth rate compared to the control LNCaP cells ( Figure 6a ) as determined by MTT assay. hrLNcaP cells also showed higher invasiveness even under normoxic conditions ( Figure 6b ).

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