Low back pain status in elite and semi-elite Australian football codes: a cross-sectional survey of football (soccer), Australian rules, rugby league, rugby union and non-athletic controls.

BMC Musculoskelet Disord · 2009 · PMC2674424 · PMID 19371446

Europe PMC DOI

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Further, whilst there is an increasing trend for reported first onset LBP to be a result of sporting commitments in football code participants, this may not necessarily be due to football code participation.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.