a positive trendP -value = 0.046
a decreasing trendP -value = 0.09
In addition, we observed position effects: (i) in the Confounded experiment, a positive trend was observed in Chip 2 ( R 2 ∼ 0.25, P -value = 0.046); (ii) in the Randomized experiment, a decreasing trend across positions was observed in both chips ( R 2 ∼ 0.17, P -value = 0.09).