Reconstructing the ups and downs of primate brain evolution: implications for adaptive hypotheses and Homo floresiensis.

Spearman's rank correlations for all three methods were highly significant although r s values were much lower for ML ( r s = 0.743, P < 0.001) and parsimony ( r s = 0.743, P < 0.001) than for the Bayesian analysis ( r s = 0.835, P < 0.001).

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Despite the presence of an overall trend to increase mass, we also provide evidence for independent decreases in brain mass in New and Old World Monkeys and in strepsirhines.

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