Vitamin A supplementation and BCG vaccination at birth in low birthweight neonates: two by two factorial randomised controlled trial.

The very first trial of neonatal vitamin A supplementation from Indonesia found a borderline significant sex differential effect 2 ; in the Indian trial, the effect of vitamin A supplementation was only significantly beneficial in boys. 3 So far, the Bangladeshi trial, which had low coverage for the DTP vaccine, is the only one that has reported a beneficial effect of vitamin A supplementation on mortality in girls. 4 Sex differences in the response to vitamin A supplementation could be due to initial differences in vitamin A status.

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