Filaggrin haploinsufficiency is highly penetrant and is associated with increased severity of eczema: further delineation of the skin phenotype in a prospective epidemiological study of 792 school children.

8 , 9 The strongest and most highly significant associations have been reported with early-onset, persistent eczema 10 , 11 (odds ratio 5·6, 95% confidence interval 4·1–7·8, P = 1·3 × 10 −28 ) and asthma occurring in individuals with atopic eczema 12 – 14 (odds ratio 3·49, 95% confidence interval 2·00–6·08, P = 1·0 × 10 −5 ).

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