Polymorphisms in CRHR1 and the serotonin transporter loci: gene x gene x environment interactions on depressive symptoms.

Specifically, a history of adverse childhood experience (e.g., child abuse or early separation from parents) increases the risk for developing major depression as an adult by two- to threefold, and there is a highly significant dose–response relationship between the degree of early adverse experience and depressive disorders as adults [Chapman et al., 2004 ; Anda et al., 2006 ; Bradley et al., 2008 ].

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