Bone lead can be assessed with the K-shell X-ray fluorescence (KXRF) technique, but only one study has examined the association of this biomarker with PD, finding a suggestive but not quite significant [odds ratio (OR) = 1.62; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.83–3.17] association in an analysis involving 121 PD patients and 414 controls ( Coon et al. 2006 ).
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