highly significantP = 0.00001
The positive relationship between φ and geographical distance was statistically highly significant (Mantel test, 100000 randomisations, r = 0.375, P = 0.00001), also when corrected for beetle phenotype (Partial Mantel test, 100000 randomisations, r = 0.379, P = 0.00001; see Materials and Methods for comments regarding the value of r of the Mantel test).