Endoscopy kidney pediatrics stones pmc-status-qastatus 0 pmc-status-live yes pmc-status-embargo no pmc-status-released yes pmc-prop-open-access yes pmc-prop-olf no pmc-prop-manuscript no pmc-prop-legally-suppressed no pmc-prop-has-pdf yes pmc-prop-has-supplement no pmc-prop-pdf-only no pmc-prop-suppress-copyright no pmc-prop-is-real-version no pmc-prop-is-scanned-article no pmc-prop-preprint no pmc-prop-in-epmc yes pmc-license-ref CC BY-NC-SA INTRODUCTION With improving sensitivity of radiologic imaging and changing referral patterns, there is an increasing trend in the diagnosis of urologic stone disease in children.[ 1 ] Although pediatric stone disease is still less common than in adults, with a prevalence of 4.7 per 100,000 versus 62 per 100,000 inpatients,[ 2 ] stones in children pose unique concerns in their management, owing to the distinct pediatric urologic anatomy and stone pathophysiology as well as profound healthcare concerns, owing to the high recurrence rate.
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Current status of retrograde intrarenal surgery for management of nephrolithiasis in children.
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