marginally significantP = 0.07
There appeared to be a trend of decreasing hazards with a greater propensity to receive chemotherapy near death, ranging from 1.32 to 0.85, and the interaction between receipt of an aggressive approach to chemotherapy and propensity quintiles was marginally significant (P = 0.07). 3) Results from instrumental variable analysis We report selected baseline characteristics of patients according to geographic quintiles of chemotherapy utilization in Table 5 .