Global phylogeography with mixed-marker analysis reveals male-mediated dispersal in the endangered scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini).

For example, highly significant mtDNA structure contrasts with a lack of significant structure in microsatellite DNA between the Seychelles in the western Indian Ocean and West Australia ( F′ ST = −0.009, P = 0.149; mt F ST = 0.521, P ≤0.001; Φ ST = 0.736, P ≤0.001), and between Hawaii and all West Pacific sites ( Table 4 ), indicating contemporary male-mediated gene flow across large expanses of open ocean.

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