Vaccination-induced changes in human B-cell repertoire and pneumococcal IgM and IgA antibody at different ages.

Evidence in support of the notion that changes in response to antigen challenge are influenced by particular characteristics of the Ig genes involved is shown by highly significant changes in the mean values of the spectratypes, which reveal evidence for strong selective pressure in favour of a smaller CDR3 region in the responding population ( Fig. 1e ).

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IgM is extremely efficient at opsonisation compared with IgG; therefore, even a small age-related change in IgM levels may be significant for efficacy of vaccines in old age.

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Leptokurtosis (higher peakedness) was significantly correlated with higher PPS-specific serum IgA values but did not quite reach significance when compared with IgM values ( Fig.

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