Variation of maximum tree height and annual shoot growth of Smith fir at various elevations in the Sygera Mountains, southeastern Tibetan Plateau.

Highly significant correlations existed among height, age and DBH of the trees along both altitudinal gradients ( Fig. 4 ), with coefficients from 0.8–0.95 (p<0.01).

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Additionally, an increasing trend in annual and summer precipitation is evident.

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It was supported by an increasing trend of leaf δ 13 C values and a decreasing trend of the specific leaf area for Smith fir and Rhododendron aganniphum var. schizopeplum with increasing elevations the Sygera Mountains, indicative of increasing water stress [48] , [49] .

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Moreover, a slightly increasing trend in height increment (raw shoot-increment series) was detected on all plots ( Fig. 6 ).

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