Results MEP size ANOVA with Group and Time (T1, T2) revealed a significant main effect of Group (F = 3.653; p = .038), no main effect of Time (F = 0.227; p = .637), and a trend towards significance for the interaction (F = 2.518; p = .097).
Despite the lack of a significant increase in corticospinal excitability, some lines of evidence suggest that motor learning could have occured in M1 during motor practice: i) motor practice led to a 24 % increase in corticospinal excitability whereas the dot observation and movement observation conditions both led to small decreases in M1 excitability; ii) there was a statistical trend towards significance for the interaction between the Time and Group variables, driven by the increase in MEP size from T1 to T2 in the motor practice group; iii) 8 out of 11 participants showed increased corticospinal excitability following motor practice; iv) behavioral data showed significantly increased movement speed after motor practice.