Effects of water and nitrogen addition on species turnover in temperate grasslands in northern China.

The effect of water addition on species richness was marginally significant ( P <0.1) depending on N treatments in the steppe but independent of N treatments in the old field ( Table 1 ).

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For the perennials, a weak trend of increase in richness existed in the old field, but no consistent pattern was found in the steppe ( Fig.

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An overall trend indicated that N addition led to a net decrease in numbers of grasses and forbs in both grassland types ( Fig. 4C ).

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