Donation of 'spare' fresh or frozen embryos to research: who decides that an embryo is 'spare' and how can we enhance the quality and protect the validity of consent?

Med Law Rev · 2012 · PMC3414233 · PMID 22647978

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This is highly significant given that ethical guidance relating to and debates regarding the use of embryos for research assume that such embryos are in some straightforward sense ‘not required for treatment’ and therefore unproblematically ‘spare’: although the HFEA Code stresses ‘that only fresh or frozen ... embryos not r

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