a positive trendP = 0.1
Spearman’s rank correlations were positive between cows’ milk retinol and mothers’ blood retinol, where R = 0.43 ( n = 20, P = 0.05), between mothers’ blood retinol and mother’s milk retinol, where R = 0.24 ( n = 38, P = 0.01), between mothers’ milk retinol and infant blood retinol, where R = 0.49 ( n = 38, P = 0.001), and a positive trend between cows’ milk and mothers’ milk, where R = 0.48 ( n = 11, P = 0.1).