Interacting factors driving a major loss of large trees with cavities in a forest ecosystem.

Severe fire had a highly significant (P<0.001) effect on tree death ( Supplementary Information S2 ).

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perienced significantly (P<0.001) higher rates of collapse than trees of forms 3–7, (2) large trees with cavities within old growth stands were significantly (P = 0.009) less likely to collapse than trees within 1939-aged stands and ∼20-year old stands, and (3) trees on high productivity sites were marginally significant (P = 0.074) more likely to collapse than trees on low productivity sites ( Supplementary Information S3 ).

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