Early initiation of smoking and alcohol drinking as a predictor of lower forearm bone mineral density in late adolescence: a cohort study in girls.

Although with lower precision and no statistical significance, an increasing trend of lower BMD z-score was found with increasing drinking precocity.

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No significant associations were found between smoking or drinking frequency and 17 year-old BMD, but there was a decreasing trend of BMD with increasing drinking frequency at 13 (adjusted BMD was 0.439 in those who never drank vs. 0.414 g/cm 2 in those who drank at least once a week) and at 17 years of age (adjusted BMD was 0.438 in those who never drank vs. 0.420 g/cm 2 in those who drank daily).

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