Geographical distribution of adolescent body height with respect to effective day length in Japan: an ecological analysis.

Since melatonin secretion is affected by day length, differences in melatonin secretion because of variations in day length may be significant factors in the geographical gradient in height.

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The world distribution of age at menarche shows a decreasing trend as the geographical latitude approaches approximately 25–30 degrees and then increases again toward 0 degrees (near the equator) [44] .

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