Guidelines for the management of postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty.

Although slow-release oxycodone has been the most commonly used narcotic for preemptive pain control, there is an increasing trend to exclude opioids from preemptive pain management protocol due to the risk of complications such as nausea and vomiting. 3) Recommendation 2.3): Preemptive use of COX-2 inhibitors Preoperative oral administration of COX-2 inhibitors is recommended.

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