Tbx2 controls lung growth by direct repression of the cell cycle inhibitor genes Cdkn1a and Cdkn1b.

However, at E16.5 the BrdU labeling index showed a highly significant reduction from 29.6+/−1.5% in the wildtype to 16.0+/−3.4% in the mutant mesenchyme, and a significant reduction from 19.7+/−1.6% in the wildtype to 14.2+/−4.7% in the mutant distal lung epithelium (marked by expression of SRY-box containing protein (Sox)9 [23] , [24] ) while the proximal lung epithelium (marked by expression of Sox2 [25] , [26] ) or a control tissue (the diaphragm) were unaffected ( Figure 2E–2F , Figure S2 ).

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