Filtering across spatial scales: phylogeny, biogeography and community structure in bumble bees.

Both global and Nearctic areas showed highly significant phylogenetic signal of the trait on the phylogeny, relative to the tip swap null (p<0.001).

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The increasing degree of clustering observed with scale suggests that environmental filtering may be significant across scales but with potentially different forces at work, such as local floral resources influencing assembly processes, regional radiations, dispersal to the New World, etc.

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