Are The Predictors of Hookah Smoking Differ From Those of Cigarette Smoking? Report of a population-based study in Shiraz, Iran, 2010.

However, in response, tobacco companies changed their target markets and shifted their attention to developing countries, and this has led to increased tobacco use in these nations.[ 1 ] However, sufficient data on the magnitude of tobacco use in many of these countries is lacking.[ 11 ] In Iran, the lifelong prevalence of smoking is estimated at 20-24% and 2-4% among men and women, respectively.[ 12 – 14 ] Some studies indicate an increasing trend in the use of cigarettes and other tobacco products between years 2003 to 2007.[ 1 ].

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