Varietal tracing of virgin olive oils based on plastid DNA variation profiling.

The plastid genome has some advantages in relation to the nuclear genome for traceability purposes [30] : i) it is maternally inherited; ii) thousands of copies are present per cell, which is an extremely significant advantage for forensic analyses; iii) it is circular instead of linear, and therefore resistant to exonucleases; iv) organelles have a double membrane that makes chloroplast DNA more resistance to degradation, which is also a significant advantage for forensics; and v) it has a lower mutation rate than nuclear genomic sequences, and its stability may be an advantage for traceability analyses, despite of a low polymorphism level.

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