Evidence for inflammation-mediated memory dysfunction in gastropods: putative PLA2 and COX inhibitors abolish long-term memory failure induced by systemic immune challenges.

Formal statistical analysis indicated a highly significant effect of peripheral amyl-acetate application on RSLN spiking frequency that was independent of prior treatment of the test animals (ANOVA time vs. treatment F 1,9 = 1.349, p = 0.22; laminarin amyl-acetate effect in laminarin pre-treated preparations F 1,14 = 60.87, p < 0.0001; amyl-acetate effect in vehicle-only pre-treated preparations F 1,14 = 15.871, p < 0.001).

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While the statistic suggests near significance of the effect of behavioural conditioning in animals treated with laminarin 1 hr prior to training the results leave no doubt (see Figure 3 A2) that, in contrast to the animals trained 24 hrs after treatment, the impact of training in this group is drastically reduced compared to their vehicle-injected counterparts (F 1,126 = 22.481, p < 0.0001 for animals trained 1 hr post-treatment and F 1,32 = 0.001, p = 0.98 for animals trained 24 hrs post-treatment).

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