borderline significantp = 0.05
Cortisol levels were also unaffected by the affiliative relationship between wolves (LR test, χ 2 = 2.1, p = 0.14; see the Supplemental Experimental Procedures ), though the rank of the individual leaving did seem to have a borderline significant effect (LR test, χ 2 = 10.8 df = 5, p = 0.05; see the Supplemental Experimental Procedures ).