Acrylamide concentrations in potato crisps in Europe from 2002 to 2011.

The analysis revealed a highly significant effect of years ( F 9, 40,445 = 242.75; p < 0.001, noting that there are nine degrees of freedom for years and 40,445 residual degrees of freedom for the F -test, giving 40,454 degrees of freedom in total with 40,455 observations), with a general trend of decreasing acrylamide levels from 763 ± 91.1 ng g −1 in 2002 to 358 ± 2.5 ng g −1 in 2011 ( Table 1 ), an overall significant ( p < 0.05, LSD) reduction of 53% ± 13.5%.

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