highly significantp < 0.001
A highly significant main effect of vocals on arousal was observed, F (1, 96) = 1389.5, p < 0.001, indicating that songs with vocals were rated as more highly arousing than their instrument-only counterparts (Figure 2 ).
A highly significant main effect of vocals on arousal was observed, F (1, 96) = 1389.5, p < 0.001, indicating that songs with vocals were rated as more highly arousing than their instrument-only counterparts (Figure 2 ).