Although several studies failed to reach significance [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], most have found lower plasma folates [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], red blood cells (RBC) folates [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 41 ] or amniotic fluid (AF) folates [ 42 ] in women carrying NTD affected fetuses, or who gave birth to NTD affected offsprings, compared to control pregnant women.
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