Impacts of population structure and analytical models in genome-wide association studies of complex traits in forest trees: a case study in Eucalyptus globulus.

In fact, negative and highly significant Mantel correlation was observed for the DArT markers (−0.49, P <0.0001), confirming the presence of isolation-by-distance as the probable cause of the family structure found and once again justifying the inclusion of the K matrix in the association genetics analyses.

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